This study is a descriptive study and aimed to determine the structure of natural polyphony existing in Turkish Folk Music and the process after the Republic when an effort was devoted consciously to polyphony and its use in musical education. Polyphony in TFM can be seen densely in folk instruments. In this respect, it can be stated that there is a need for a secondary instrument (“polyphony”) to accompany with those played by folks. There is an understanding of accompanying in most folk instruments. However, polyphonic structures existent in Turkish Folk Music are spontaneous (“self-induced”) elements and therefore they are at basic level. After the foundation of Turkish Republic, Turkish Folk Music was evaluated differently by several musicians in polyphonic approaches. Today, such a branch called polyphonic Turkish Music was developed by composers and researchers and attained its place in musical education.